CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE IN EUROPE |
Region/country |
Location/ community |
Collection period |
Study population |
Sample size |
Consanguinity(%) |
Consanguinity types |
Coefficient of inbreeding (a) |
Reference |
DOI/PMID/URL |
East Europe |
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Czechoslovakia |
All Czechoslovakia |
1961/64 |
Obstetric inpatients |
19726 |
0.2 |
>1C,1C,<1C |
- |
Stevenson et al. (1966) |
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/263362 |
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Hungary |
All-Hungary |
1946 |
Civil registration |
98662 |
0.1 |
UN,AN,1C |
0.0001 |
Czeilel et al. (1976) |
DOI: 10.1159/000152790 |
|
Budapest |
1971 |
Obstetric inpatients |
2130 |
0.5 |
1C,2C |
0.0002 |
Czeizel et al. (1976) |
DOI: 10.1159/000152790 |
|
Pecs and Szombathely |
1971 |
Obstetric inpatients |
1061 |
0.8 |
1C,2C |
0.0003 |
Czeizel et al. (1976) |
DOI: 10.1159/000152790 |
|
Nyiregyhaza |
1971 |
Obstetric inpatients |
2038 |
0.5 |
1C,2C |
0.0002 |
Czeizel et al. (1976) |
DOI: 10.1159/000152790 |
|
All-Hungary |
1971 |
Obstetric inpatients |
5229 |
0.5 |
1C,2C |
0.0002 |
Czeilel et al. (1976) |
DOI: 10.1159/000152790 |
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North Europe |
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Great Britain |
London |
1950/51 |
Paediatric outpatients |
5217 |
0.4 |
1C |
0.0003 |
Pugh & Carter (unpublished, cited in Coleman 1980) |
DOI: 10.1159/000153144 |
|
Reading |
1972/73 |
Household survey |
946 |
0.4 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0002 |
Coleman (1980) |
DOI: 10.1159/000153144 |
|
Birmingham |
1986/87 |
Obstetric Inpatients |
2431 |
0.2 |
1C,2C |
0.0001 |
Bundey et al. (1990) |
DOI: 10.1136/jech.44.2.130 |
|
Bradford |
2007/10 |
Antenatal clinic |
4488 |
0.04 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.00003 |
Bhopal et al. (2014) |
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt166 |
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Ireland, Northern |
Londonderry |
1954 |
Household survey |
1612 |
0.9 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0008 |
Kilpatrick et al. (1955) |
PMCID: PMC2480254 |
|
Belfast |
1957 |
Obstetric outpatients |
8380 |
0.4 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0001 |
Stevenson & Warnock (1959) |
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1959.tb01481.x |
|
All-N. Ireland |
1959/68 |
RC dispensation |
41528 |
0.4 |
UN,D1C,1C, 11/2C,2C |
0.0001 |
Masterson (1970) |
DOI: 10.1159/000152333 |
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Ireland, Republic |
All-Irish Republic |
1959/68 |
RC dispensation |
149029 |
0.5 |
UN,D1C,1C, 11/2C,D2C,2C |
0.0002 |
Masterson (1970) |
DOI: 10.1159/000152333 |
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Norway |
All-Norway |
1967/72 |
Civil registration |
401671 |
0.6 |
UN,1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0002 |
Saugstad (1977) |
DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-1809.1977.tb01865.x |
|
All-Norway |
1967/81 |
Civil registration |
893941 |
0.7 |
1C,2C |
0.0002 |
Magnus et al. (1985) |
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1985.tb00407.x |
|
All-Norway |
1967/93 |
Civil registration |
1431055 |
0.1 |
>1C,1C |
0.0001 |
Stoltenberg et al. (1998) |
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009670 |
|
All-Norway |
1995/10 |
Civil registration |
712430 |
<0.01 |
>1C,1C |
<0.0001 |
Sørbye et al. (2014) |
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12303 |
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Sweden |
North, Pajala |
1947 |
Parish records |
843 |
0.01 |
1C |
0.0006 |
Böök (1948) |
|
|
All-Sweden |
1946/50 |
Pregnancy termination |
15802 |
0.6 |
1C,2C |
0.0003 |
Romanus (1953) |
DOI: 10.1159/000150749 |
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South Europe |
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Croatia |
Zagreb |
1961/4 |
Obstetric Inpatients |
8309 |
0.1 |
>1C,1C,<1C |
- |
Stevenson et al. (1966) |
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/263362 |
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Italy |
Florence |
1939/58 |
RC dispensation |
50028 |
1.1 |
D1C,1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0005 |
Bigozzi et al. (1970) |
PMID: 5512528 |
|
All-Italy |
- |
RC dispensation |
- |
1.1 |
1C,2C |
0.0005 |
Romeo et al. (1981) |
|
|
All-Italy |
1953 |
Civil registration |
340693 |
0.5 |
UN,AN,1C, |
0.0004 |
Fraccaro (1957) |
DOI:
10.1080/19485565.1957.9987307 |
|
Upper Bologna Appennine |
1950/80 |
RC dispensation |
5340 |
1.6 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0004 |
Pettener (1985) |
PMID: 3888814 |
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Portugal |
All-Portugal |
1952/5 |
Civil registration |
276800 |
1.5 |
UN,1C |
0.0009 |
Freire-Maia (1957) |
DOI:
10.1080/19485565.1957.9987319 |
|
Azores Islands |
1979/85 |
RC dispensation |
12456 |
2.9 |
>1C,1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0011 |
Da Cunha (1986-87) |
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Slovenia |
Ljubljana |
1961/4 |
Obstetric inpatients |
8712 |
0.6 |
>1C,1C,<1C |
- |
Stevenson et al. (1966) |
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/263362 |
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Spain |
All-Spain |
1940/3 |
RC dispensation |
- |
4.1 |
UN,1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0014 |
Pinto-Cisternas et al. (1979) |
|
|
Madrid |
1961/4 |
Obstetric inpatients |
19365 |
1.1 |
>1C,1C,<1C |
- |
Stevenson et al. (1966) |
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/263362 |
|
Mondonedo |
1922/64 |
RC dispensation |
- |
2.6 |
1C,2C |
0.0022 |
Valls (1967) |
DOI: 10.1159/000152058 |
|
Leon |
1958/68 |
RC dispensation |
16656 |
2.8 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0007 |
Gomez Gomez(1989) |
DOI: 10.1007/BF02442872 |
|
Majorca |
1930/62 |
RC dispensation |
39184 |
2.5 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.001 |
Valls (1969) |
PMID: 5356506 |
|
Menorca |
1943/64 |
RC dispensation |
2084 |
2.9 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.001 |
Valls (1969) |
PMID: 5356506 |
|
Ibiza |
1941/63 |
RC dispensation |
4042 |
5.4 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0019 |
Valls (1969) |
PMID: 5356506 |
|
Formentera |
1941/63 |
RC dispensation |
498 |
7.8 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0026 |
Valls (1969) |
PMID: 5356506 |
|
Alava Province, Basque country |
1951/80 |
RC dispensation |
38965 |
1.2 |
UN,1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0003 |
Calderón et al. (1993) |
PMID: 8262504 |
|
Vitoria, Basque country |
1951/80 |
RC dispensation |
27265 |
0.6 |
UN,1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0002 |
Calderón et al. (1993) |
PMID: 8262504 |
|
Alava, Basque country |
1951/80 |
RC dispensation |
11700 |
2.5 |
UN,1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0006 |
Calderón et al. (1998) |
PMID: 9599944 |
|
Sigüenza- Guadalajara |
1951/80 |
RC dispensation |
5315 |
12.6 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0029 |
Calderón et al. (1998) |
PMID: 9599944 |
|
Santiago de Compostela, Galicia |
1970/79 |
RC dispensation |
48984 |
1.5 |
UN,1C,11/2C |
0.0005 |
Varela et al. (1997) |
PMID: 9198311 |
|
Los Nogales, Galicia |
1960/71 |
RC dispensation |
156 |
3.8 |
1C,2C |
0.0015 |
Fuster (2003) |
DOI: 10.1017/s002193200300083x |
|
La Cabrera, Galicia |
1970/89 |
RC dispensation |
325 |
2.5 |
1C,2C |
0.0007 |
Blanco Villegas et al. (2004) |
DOI: 10.1353/hub.2004.0039 |
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West Europe |
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Belgium |
All-Belgium |
1950/59 |
RC dispensation |
605849 |
1 |
UN,1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0003 |
Twiesselmann et al. (1962) |
DOI: 10.2307/1527067 |
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France |
Loire Valley |
1944/53 |
RC dispensation |
19861 |
0.7 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.001 |
Sutter & Tabah(1954) |
DOI: 10.2307/1524555 |
|
Brittany |
1951/3 |
RC dispensation |
13000 |
1.2 |
1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0005 |
Sutter & Tabah (1954) |
DOI: 10.2307/1524555 |
|
All-France |
1946/58 |
RC dispensation |
510000 |
0.8 |
UN,1C,11/2C,2C |
0.0002 |
Sutter & Goux(1964) |
DOI: 10.2307/1526249 |
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Netherlands |
All-Holland |
1948/53 |
Civil registration |
351085 |
0.2 |
UN,1C |
0.0001 |
Freire-Maia (1957) |
DOI+J2:J68:
10.1080/19485565.1957.9987319 |
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