TABLE 6 CCONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGE IN POPULATION MINORITIES, ISOLATES AND MIGRANTS |
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Region/country | Location/ community | Collection period | Study population | Sample size | Consanguinity(%) | Consanguinity types | Coefficient of inbreeding (() | Reference | Added |
North Africa | |||||||||
Morocco | Marrakesh High Atlas | 1985/89,1997/98 | Household survey | 438 | 0.219 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0093 | Cherkaoui et al. (2005) | 6/17/2021 |
Kénitra, Gharb | 2001 | Hospital outpatients | 125 | 42.8 | D1C,1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0166 | Attazagharti et al. (2006) | 6/17/2021 | |
Rabat-Salé- Zemmour-Zaer | 2004/05 | Obstetric outpatients | 263 | 20.2 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0191 | Hami et al. (2007) | 6/17/2021 | |
Rabat | - | University students | 291 | 59.8 | D1C,1C,2C | 0.0279 | Talbi et al. (2007) | 6/17/2021 | |
Tanger, Tétouan | 2014 | University students | 160 | 39.3 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0203 | Hardouz et al. (2014) | 6/17/2021 | |
Tétouan, M’diq-fnideq | 2016/17 | University students | 201 | 25.4 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0117 | Hajjaji et al. (2018) | 6/17/2021 | |
Sudan | Tir, Dinka | 1954 | Household survey | 375 | - | - | 0.0015 | Roberts (1956) | |
Nyertiti, Fur | - | Household survey | 99 | 70.7% | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0415 | Bayoumi et al. (1985) | ||
Nyertiti, Baggara | - | Household survey | 46 | 71.7 | 1C,11/2C | 0.0442 | Bayoumi et al. (1985) | ||
South Africa | |||||||||
Tristan da Cunha | All-Island | 1961 | Pedigree analysis | 267 | - | - | 0.0400 | Roberts (1980) | |
North America | |||||||||
Canada | New Brunswick, Bathhurst | 1959 | RC dispensation | 686 | 4.8% | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0010 | Freire-Maia (1968) | |
Quebec, Gaspe | 1959 | RC dispensation | 600 | 6.0% | 11/2C,2C | 0.0012 | Freire-Maia (1968) | ||
Newfoundland, Trepassey | 1960/79 | Pedigree analysis | 545 | - | - | 0.0032 | Bear et al. (1988) | ||
Newfoundland, West Coast | 1960/79 | Pedigree analysis | 613 | - | - | 0.0171 | Bear et al. (1988) | ||
Newfoundland, Southeast Labrador | 1960/79 | Pedigree | 376 | - | - | 0.0007 | Bear et al. (1988) | ||
U.S.A. | Kentucky, Beech Creek | 1942 | Household survey | 107 | 18.7% | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0061 | Brown (1951) | |
Ramah Navaho | 1950/64 | Pedigree analysis | 1,074 | - | - | 0.0026 | Spuhler & Kluckhohn (1989) | ||
New Mexico, Gallup | 1959 | RC dispensation | 370 | 1.4 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0004 | Freire-Maia (1968) | ||
Texas, Austin | 1959 | RC dispensation | 675 | 1.3 | 1C,2C | 0.0006 | Freire-Maia (1968) | ||
Kansas, Mennonites | 1980 | Pedigree analysis | 194 | 33.0 | - | 0.0030 | Moore (1987) | ||
Pennsylvania, Amish farmers | 1950/- | Pedigree analysis | 909 | - | - | 0.0012 | Khoury et al. (1987) | ||
Pennsylvania, Amish non-farmers | 1950/- | Pedigree analysis | 1,014 | - | - | 0.0008 | Khoury et al. (1987) | ||
Boston, Gypsies | 1980s | Pedigree analysis | 21 | 61.9 | 1C,2C,3C | 0.0170 | Thomas et al. (1987) | ||
South America | |||||||||
Brazil | South, Amerindians | 1959/60 | Field study | 465 | 13.1% | UN,1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0052 | Salzano (1961) | |
South, Jewish | 1959/60 | Household survey | 150 | 2.7 | 1C,11/2C | 0.0013 | Freire-Maia & Krieger (1963) | ||
Central Asia | |||||||||
Tajikistan | Urgut, Samarkand | - | Household survey | - | - | - | 0.0280 | Paradeeva & Revasov (1987) | |
Taimyr, Nganasans | 1974/6 | Household survey | 223 | 20.0% | 2C | 0.0022 | Goltzova (1981) | ||
Turkmenistan | Ashkhabad | - | Household survey | 1,596 | - | - | 0.0023 | Revasov et al. (1983) | |
Nochur | - | Household survey | 600 | - | - | 0.0330 | Revasov et al. (1984) | ||
Uzbekhistan | Tersak IV | - | Household survey | - | - | - | 0.0190 | Ginter et al. (1980) | |
Tersak III | - | Household survey | - | - | - | 0.0078 | Ginter et al. (1980) | ||
Kizil-Ketman | - | Household survey | - | - | - | 0.0109 | Ginter et al. (1980) | ||
Zum | - | Household survey | - | - | - | 0.0158 | Ginter et al. (1980) | ||
Arab-Chona | - | Household Survey | - | - | - | 0.0271 | Ginter et al. (1980) | ||
Abron | - | Household survey | - | - | - | 0.0131 | Ginter et al. (1980) | ||
East Asia | |||||||||
Japan | Kurodani | 1968/ | Household survey | 83 | 9.6% | 1C,11/2C | 0.0049 | Yamamoto et al. (1972) | |
Okukurodani | 1968/ | Household survey | 48 | 29.2 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0124 | Yamamoto et al. (1972) | ||
Arihara | 1968/ | Household survey | 69 | 47.8 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0184 | Yamamoto et al. (1972) | ||
Mukugawa | 1968/ | Household survey | 83 | 21.6 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0068 | Yamamoto et al. (1972) | ||
Aso | 1968/ | Household survey | 95 | 15.8 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0084 | Yamamoto et al. (1972) | ||
Mishima I | - | Household survey | 517 | 15.5 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0075 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Mishima II | - | Household survey | 192 | 18.8 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0093 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Nuwajima I | - | Household survey | 340 | 12.4 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0055 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Nuwajima II | - | Household survey | 175 | 6.3% | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0030 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Okishima | - | Household survey | 286 | 24.5 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0110 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Midono | - | Household survey | 54 | 16.7 | 1C,2C | 0.0087 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Kurodani I | - | Household survey | 85 | 9.4 | 1C,11/2C | 0.0048 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Kurodani II | - | Household survey | 48 | 29.2 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0124 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Arihana | - | Household survey | 69 | 47.8 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0184 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Mukugawa | - | Household survey | 83 | 22.9 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0075 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Azo | - | Household survey | 95 | 17.9 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0097 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Tomiyama | - | Household survey | 156 | 27.6 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0115 | Fujiki et al. (1982) | ||
Miyama-co | - | Household survey | 271 | 15.7 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0066 | Fujiki et al. (1986) | ||
South Asia | |||||||||
India (South) | Andhra Pradesh | ||||||||
Chittoor, Banjara (Lambani) | 1972/3 | Household survey | 167 | 41.3% | UN,1C | 0.0299 | Saheb & Naik (1983) | ||
Nelgonda, Banjara (Lambani) | 1979/80 | Household survey | 113 | 10.6 | 1C | 0.0066 | Saheb & Naik (1983) | ||
East Godavari, Konda Reddis | - | - | 137 | 51.8 | UN,1C | 0.0392 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
East Godavari, Koya Doras I | - | - | 154 | 51.3 | UN,1C | 0.0467 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
East Godavari, Konda Reddis II | - | - | 152 | 61.8 | UN,1C,2C | 0.0398 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
East Godavari, Konda Kammaras | - | - | 150 | 65.6 | UN,1C | 0.0571 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
East Godavari, Koya Doras II | - | - | 140 | 70.6 | UN,1C,2C | 0.0490 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
Vishakapatnam, Valmikis I | - | - | 119 | 69.2 | UN,1C | - | Veerraju (1978) | ||
Vishakapatnam, Valmikis II | - | - | 119 | 52.1 | UN,1C | 0.0363 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
Vishakapatnam, Bagathas | - | - | 123 | 62.7 | UN,1C | 0.0427 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
Vishakapatnam, Gadabas | - | - | 128 | 60.2 | UN,1C | 0.0395 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
Vishakapatnam, Khond | 247 | 67.6% | UN,1C | 0.0440 | Bharathi (2014) | ||||
Srikakulam, Savaras | - | - | 100 | 72.0 | - | - | |||
Adilabad, Kolams I | - | - | 680 | 20.0 | UN,1C | 0.0157 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
Adilabad, Kolams II | - | - | 283 | 45.6 | UN,1C | 0.0287 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
Adilabad, Raj Gonds | - | - | 397 | 34.5 | 1C | 0.0216 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
Adilabad, Pardhans | - | - | 114 | 53.5 | 1C | 0.0334 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
Adilabad, Andhs | - | - | 99 | 22.2 | UN,1C | 0.0146 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
Adilabad, Mathuras | - | - | 93 | 6.5 | UN,1C | 0.0047 | Veerraju (1978) | ||
Mahaboobnagar Chenchu, | 1981 | Household survey | 504 | 26.4 | UN,1C,11/2C | 0.0150 | Sirajuddin & Basu (1984) | ||
Karnataka | Siddi, Hindu | 1980/81 | Household survey | 47 | 38.3 | UN,AN,1C,2C | 0.0263 | Vijayakumar & Malhotra (1983) | |
Siddi, Muslim | 1980/81 | Household survey | 65 | 46.2 | UN,1C,2C | 0.0269 | Vijayakumar & Malhotra (1983) | ||
Siddi, Christian | 1980/81 | Household survey | 156 | 24.4 | UN,AN,1C,2C | 0.0169 | Vijayakumar & Malhotra (1983) | ||
Kodagu, Kodava | - | Household survey | 535 | 2.4% | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0014 | Saheb et al. (1981) | ||
Kodagu, Amma Kodagu | - | Household survey | 130 | 6.9 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0032 | Saheb et al. (1981) | ||
Tamil Nadu | North Arcot, Irular | 1982 | Household survey | 216 | 44.0 | UN,1C,11/2C | 0.0334 | Saheb & Bhanu (1983) | |
Lakshadweep | |||||||||
Koya | 1961 | Census | 176 | 33.5 | 1C | 0.0210 | Roychoudhury (1977) | ||
Malmi | 1961 | Census | 435 | 4.1 | 1C,11/2C | 0.0021 | Roychoudhury (1977) | ||
Melacheri | 1961 | Census | 1,471 | 6.3 | 1C,2C | 0.0039 | Roychoudhury (1977) | ||
India (West) | Bombay, Irani | 1961/72 | Obstetric inpatients | 195 | 22.1 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0091 | Undevia & Balakrishnan (1978) | |
Iran | Khuzestan, SW Iran, Mandaean | 2016 | Household survey | 137 | 61.3 | D1C,1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0364 | Saadat & Zarghami (2017) | |
Pakistan | North West Frontier Province (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) | 1996 | Household survey | 143 | 21.0% | 1C,2C | 0.0128 | Wahab & Ahmad (2005) | |
West Asia | |||||||||
Iraq | Hamawand, Kurds | 1951 | Household survey | 21 | 57.1% | UN,1C | 0.0417 | Barth (1954) | |
South Kurdistan, Kurds | 1951 | Household survey | 46 | 17.4 | UN,1C | 0.0122 | Barth (1954) | ||
Israel | Samaritans | 1960 | Household survey | 28 | 46.4% | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0190 | Bonné (1963) | |
Cochin, Jews | 1958 | Household survey | 59 | 15.3 | UN,1C | 0.0117 | Goldschmidt (1963) | ||
Lebanon | Palestinians | 1998 | Household survey | 3,972 | 19.8% | D1C,1C | 0.0142 | Pedersen (2002) | |
Jordan | Palestinians | 1996 | National survey | 4,950 | 26.1% | D1C,1C | 0.0186 | Pedersen (2002) | |
Palestinians | 1999 | Household survey | 2,888 | 26.0 | D1C,1C | 0.0178 | Pedersen (2002) | ||
Syria | Palestinians | 2001 | Household survey | 4,195 | 18.3% | D1C,1C | 0.0134 | Pedersen (2002) | |
East Europe | |||||||||
Slovakia | Slovak, Roma I | - | Pedigree analysis | 34 | 14.7% | D1C,1C,11/2C | 0.0184 | Siváková et al. (1994) | |
Slovak, Roma II | - | Pedigree analysis | 69 | 10.1 | D1C,1C,11/2C | 0.0082 | Siváková et al. (1994) | ||
North Europe | |||||||||
Great Britain | Orkney | 1910/49 | Parish records | 63 | 9.5% | 1C,2C | 0.0017 | Roberts et al. (1979) | |
Colonsay | 1977 | Pedigree analysis | 65 | - | - | 0.0023 | Sheets (1980) | ||
Jura | 1977 | Pedigree analysis | 65 | - | - | 0.0044 | Sheets (1980) | ||
Eriskay, Hebrides | 1960/79 | RC dispensation | 22 | 18.2 | 2C | 0.0028 | Robinson (1983) | ||
Welsh, Romany | 1970s | Pedigree analysis | 99 | 36.3 | 1C,2C | 0.0123 | Williams & Harper (1977) | ||
Birmingham, Pakistani | 1982/83 | Obstetric inpatients | 260 | 46.9 | 1C | 0.0293 | Honeyman et al. (1987) | ||
Bradford, Pakistani | - | Obstetric inpatients | 100 | 67.0 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0377 | Darr & Model (1988) | ||
Birmingham, Afro-Caribbean | 1986/87 | Obstetric inpatients | 509 | 0.4 | 1C,2C | 0.0002 | Bundey et al. (1990) | ||
Bradford, Pakistani | 2007/10 | Antenatal clinic | 5,127 | 50.9% | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0256 | Bhopal et al. (2014) | ||
Ireland (Northern) | All counties, Travellers | 1989 | Household/ itinerant survey | 203 | 65.5% | 1C,<1C | - | Gordon et al. (1991) | |
Ireland (Republic) | Westmeath, Travellers | 1970/86 | Household/ itinerant | 141 | 71.6 | 1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0312 | Flynn (1986) | |
Norway | Pakistani | 1967/93 | Civil registration | 7,274 | 31.0% | >1C,1C | 0.0194 | Stoltenberg et al. (1998) | |
Pakistani (Pakistan-born) | 1995/05 | Civil registration | 1,576 | 37.5 | ?1C,2C | 0.0211 | Grijibovski et al. (2009) | ||
Pakistani (Norway-born) | 1995/05 | Civil registration | 386 | 30.1 | ?1C,2C | 0.0171 | Grijibovski et al. (2009) | ||
Pakistani (Pakistan-born) | 1995/10 | Civil registration | 8,814 | 34.7 | >1C,1C | 0.0217 | Sørbye et al. (2014) | ||
Pakistani (Norway-born) | 1995/10 | Civil registration | 1,801 | 27.1 | >1C,1C | 0.0169 | Sørbye et al. (2014) | ||
Russian Republic | Archangel(Pinega) | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0015 | Revasov et al. (1979) | |
Sweden | North (Junosuando) | 1947 | Parish records | 281 | 2.8% | 1C | 0.0018 | Böök (1948) | |
North, Muonion-alusta | 1947 | Parish records | 191 | 6.8 | 1C | 0.0042 | Böök (1948) | ||
South | 1901/52 | Marriage/ parish/birth records | 576 | 1.7% | 1C | 0.0011 | Larson (1956) | ||
West, Ostmarkt | 1901/41 | Household survey | 535 | 1.3 | 1C | 0.0008 | Böök & Mawe (1955) | ||
Norrbotten | 1946/48 | Household survey | 8,667 | 0.4 | 1C | 0.0003 | Böök (1957) | ||
South Europe | |||||||||
Spain | Gitano, Roma/Gypsy | 1903/99 | Community survey | 1,267 | 18.8% | UN,1C,11/2C,2C | 0.0069 | Martin & Gomella (2005) | |
West Europe | |||||||||
Belgium | All-Belgium, Moroccan | 1994/96 | Household survey | 591 | 28.0% | 1C | 0.0175 | Reniers (1998) | |
All-Belgium, Turkish | 1994/96 | Household survey | 995 | 22.0 | 1C | 0.0138 | Reniers (1998) | ||
Oceania | |||||||||
Australia | New South Wales, Lebanese | 1984/86 | Obstetric inpatients | 400 | 35.8% | D1C,1C,2C | 0.0128 | de Costa (1988) |